
Sole traders: employment status in practice
The tests that decide whether a sole trader is genuinely self-employed, and what changes when a client treats you as employed

The verification process step by step, the deduction rates it decides, and the records a contractor has to keep.
Before a contractor pays a subcontractor under CIS, it must verify them with HMRC. The verification returns the rate at which deductions must be made.
Paying before verifying is the error that produces most CIS penalties, because the wrong rate is then applied to every payment until somebody notices.
A verification stays valid for the current tax year and the two that follow, provided the subcontractor is paid in that period.
Keep the verification reference, the rate returned, and the date. Give the subcontractor a payment and deduction statement within 14 days of the end of the tax month.
Monthly returns are due by the 19th, and a nil return still has to be filed.
Almost always in the gap between onboarding and the first payment. Verification belongs with the paperwork that starts an engagement, not with the payment run that ends the month.

Hannah Whitfield
heads compliance and IR35 advisory at Promultis
Hannah Whitfield has spent fifteen years on the compliance side of contract staffing, first inside a national recruiter and now leading the advisory team at Promultis. She writes and reviews the status determination processes that hiring firms rely on when HMRC asks how a decision was reached, and has guided clients through both the 2021 reform and the 2024 offsets. Her work covers umbrella and PEO engagements across construction, energy and technology. Hannah is a frequent speaker on supply chain liability and believes most compliance failures start as documentation failures.

The tests that decide whether a sole trader is genuinely self-employed, and what changes when a client treats you as employed

How employment, payroll and compliance responsibilities are split under a professional employer organisation

The practical differences between the two models — cost, employment rights and the admin each one takes off your hands


Stay up to date with the latest articles, news and translation insights
Thank you — new insights and updates will arrive in your inbox.